Fig. 4. Immunofluorescent expression of PPAR-α in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal circuit. (A–C) Red PPAR-α-labeled cellular nuclei are mainly located in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the ventral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) where they overlap with green TH+ dopamine neurons (white arrows). The inbox in C shows a magnified image of PPAR-α-labeled neurons in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra. Many neurons inside the red nucleus (R) express PPAR-α, and this signal is nearly absent in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). (D–H) Red PPAR-α-labeled cells are located widespread in the striatum (Str) surrounded by green TH+ fibers. The receptors PPAR-α are mostly observed with a nuclear localization (white arrows). Note red PPAR-α-ir inside fiber bundles of the internal capsule crossing the striatum. (I) Magnified image of PPAR-α-labeled neurons in the substantia nigra showing that receptors mostly show a nuclear distribution but there is also cytoplasmic expression (yellow cytoplasmic signal). Abbrev.: PPAR-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; R, red nucleus; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; Str, striatum; TH, tyrosine-hydroxylase; VTA, ventral tegmental area.
A multiple (5) exposure photomicrograph of melt-recrystallized ascorbic acid (the wheat field), xanthan gum base (the mountains), the microscope field diaphragm defocused with a yellow filter (the moon), and liquid crystalline polybenzyl-L-glutamate spherulites (the stars) with a blue filter to simulate the sky. This photomicrograph utilizes both brightfield and polarized light photomicrography.
Caddis fly larvae protect their developing bodies by building themselves sheaths of silk and incorporating substances found in their habitats. Artist Hubert Duprate placed a group of Caddis fly larvae into a tank with gold and other precious substances for the larvae to spin into their sheaths.